Boltzmann constant - Revision history

Carl McBride: Changed references to Cite format

2012-02-23T16:01:16Z

Changed references to Cite format

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:01, 23 February 2012
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	Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, 2010 [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:		Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, 2010 [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:

	:<math>k_B =1.3806488 \times 10^{-23} ~~</math> <math>~~\left. JK^{-1}\right.</math>		:<math>k_B =1.3806488 \times 10^{-23} \left. JK^{-1}\right.</math>



	In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, for example see: [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].		In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, for example see: [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].
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	Max Planck, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-lecture.html Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920]		Max Planck, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-lecture.html Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920]
	==Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant==		==Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant==
	Boltzmann's constant can be obtained from the ratio of the [[molar gas constant]] to the [[Avogadro constant]].		Boltzmann's constant can be obtained from the ratio of the [[molar gas constant]] to the [[Avogadro constant]] <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/22/3/023 L. Storm "Precision Measurements of the Boltzmann Constant",Metrologia '''22''' pp. 229-234 (1986)]</ref>
			<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/10/R01 B Fellmuth, Ch Gaiser and J Fischer "Determination of the Boltzmann constant—status and prospects", Measurement Science and Technology '''17''' pp. R145-R159 (2006)]</ref>.
	The molar gas constant can be obtained via acoustic gas thermometry, and Avogadros constant from either the ''Silicon sphere'', or via the watt balance.		The molar gas constant can be obtained via acoustic gas thermometry, and Avogadros constant from either the ''Silicon sphere'', or via the watt balance.
	Recently laser spectroscopy has been used to determine the constant ~~(Refs. 3 and 4). Other techniques include Coulomb blockade thermometry (Refs. 5 and 6).~~		Recently laser spectroscopy has been used to determine the constant <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]</ref>
	~~#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/22/3/023 L. Storm "Precision Measurements of the Boltzmann Constant",Metrologia '''22''' pp. 229-234 (1986)]~~		<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.200801 G. Casa, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, R. Wehr, A. Merlone, D. Di Serafino, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani "Primary Gas Thermometry by Means of Laser-Absorption Spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann Constant", Physical Review Letters '''100''' 200801 (2008)]</ref>. Other techniques include Coulomb blockade thermometry <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2903 J. P. Pekola, K. P. Hirvi, J. P. Kauppinen, and M. A. Paalanen "Thermometry by Arrays of Tunnel Junctions", Physical Review Letters '''73''' pp. 2903-2906 (1994)]</ref>
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/10/R01 B Fellmuth, Ch Gaiser and J Fischer "Determination of the Boltzmann constant—status and prospects", Measurement Science and Technology '''17''' pp. R145-R159 (2006)]		<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.206801 Jukka P. Pekola, Tommy Holmqvist, and Matthias Meschke "Primary Tunnel Junction Thermometry", Physical Review Letters '''101''' 206801 (2008)]</ref>.
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.200801 G. Casa, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, R. Wehr, A. Merlone, D. Di Serafino, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani "Primary Gas Thermometry by Means of Laser-Absorption Spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann Constant", Physical Review Letters '''100''' 200801 (2008)]
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2903 J. P. Pekola, K. P. Hirvi, J. P. Kauppinen, and M. A. Paalanen "Thermometry by Arrays of Tunnel Junctions", Physical Review Letters '''73''' pp. 2903-2906 (1994)]
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.206801 Jukka P. Pekola, Tommy Holmqvist, and Matthias Meschke "Primary Tunnel Junction Thermometry", Physical Review Letters '''101''' 206801 (2008)]

	==References==		==References==
			<references/>

	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]

Carl McBride: Reverted edits by 70.135.118.126 (talk) to last revision by Carl McBride

2012-01-04T14:31:33Z

Reverted edits by 70.135.118.126 (talk) to last revision by Carl McBride

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 4 January 2012
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	==References==		==References==
	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]
	~~[http://www.prlog.org/11289974-phone-number-lookup-verizon-phone-number-reverse-lookup-to-get-information-you-need-quickly.html phone address lookup]~~

	~~[http://thetvtopc.com/Reverse_Cell_Phone_Lookup_Number reverse phone number lookup]~~

70.135.118.126 at 05:57, 4 January 2012

2012-01-04T05:57:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:57, 4 January 2012
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	==References==		==References==
	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]
			[http://www.prlog.org/11289974-phone-number-lookup-verizon-phone-number-reverse-lookup-to-get-information-you-need-quickly.html phone address lookup]

			[http://thetvtopc.com/Reverse_Cell_Phone_Lookup_Number reverse phone number lookup]

Carl McBride: Updated with 2010 values

2011-07-11T14:52:50Z

Updated with 2010 values

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:52, 11 July 2011
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	The '''Boltzmann constant''' (<math>k</math> or <math>k_B</math>) is the physical constant relating [[temperature]] to energy.		The '''Boltzmann constant''' (<math>k</math> or <math>k_B</math>) is the physical constant relating [[temperature]] to energy.
	It is named after the Austrian physicist [[Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann]].		It is named after the Austrian physicist [[Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann]].
	Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, ~~2002~~ [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:		Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, 2010 [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:

			:<math>k_B =1.3806488 \times 10^{-23} </math> <math>\left. JK^{-1}\right.</math>

	~~:<math>k_B =1.380 6505(24) \times 10^{-23} </math> <math>\left. JK^{-1}\right.</math>~~

	~~::<math> =8.617 343(15) \times 10^{-5}</math> <math>\left.eV\right.</math> <math>\left.K^{-1}\right.</math>~~

	In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, for example see: [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].		In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, for example see: [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].

Carl McBride: /* Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant */ Added some more references.

2008-12-05T11:17:52Z

Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant: Added some more references.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 5 December 2008
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	==Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant==		==Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant==
	Boltzmann's constant can be obtained from the ratio of the [[molar gas constant]] to the [[Avogadro constant]].		Boltzmann's constant can be obtained from the ratio of the [[molar gas constant]] to the [[Avogadro constant]].
	The molar gas constant can be obtained via acoustic gas thermometry, and Avogadros constant from either the ''Silicon sphere'', or via the watt balance.		The molar gas constant can be obtained via acoustic gas thermometry, and Avogadros constant from either the ''Silicon sphere'', or via the watt balance.
	Recently ~~Daussy et al. used~~ laser spectroscopy to determine the constant (~~Ref~~. 3).		Recently laser spectroscopy has been used to determine the constant (Refs. 3 and 4). Other techniques include Coulomb blockade thermometry (Refs. 5 and 6).
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/22/3/023 L. Storm "Precision Measurements of the Boltzmann Constant",Metrologia '''22''' pp. 229-234 (1986)]		#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/22/3/023 L. Storm "Precision Measurements of the Boltzmann Constant",Metrologia '''22''' pp. 229-234 (1986)]
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/10/R01 B Fellmuth, Ch Gaiser and J Fischer "Determination of the Boltzmann constant—status and prospects", Measurement Science and Technology '''17''' pp. R145-R159 (2006)]		#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/10/R01 B Fellmuth, Ch Gaiser and J Fischer "Determination of the Boltzmann constant—status and prospects", Measurement Science and Technology '''17''' pp. R145-R159 (2006)]
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]		#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]
			#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.200801 G. Casa, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, R. Wehr, A. Merlone, D. Di Serafino, P. Laporta, and L. Gianfrani "Primary Gas Thermometry by Means of Laser-Absorption Spectroscopy: Determination of the Boltzmann Constant", Physical Review Letters '''100''' 200801 (2008)]
			#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2903 J. P. Pekola, K. P. Hirvi, J. P. Kauppinen, and M. A. Paalanen "Thermometry by Arrays of Tunnel Junctions", Physical Review Letters '''73''' pp. 2903-2906 (1994)]
			#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.206801 Jukka P. Pekola, Tommy Holmqvist, and Matthias Meschke "Primary Tunnel Junction Thermometry", Physical Review Letters '''101''' 206801 (2008)]

	==References==		==References==
	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]

Carl McBride at 17:37, 14 February 2008

2008-02-14T17:37:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:37, 14 February 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The '''Boltzmann constant''' (<math>k</math> or <math>k_B</math>) is the physical constant relating [[temperature]] to [[energy]].		The '''Boltzmann constant''' (<math>k</math> or <math>k_B</math>) is the physical constant relating [[temperature]] to energy.
	It is named after the Austrian physicist [[Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann]].		It is named after the Austrian physicist [[Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann]].
	Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, 2002 [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:		Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, 2002 [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:

Carl McBride: /* Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant */

2008-02-14T16:59:20Z

Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 14 February 2008
Line 14:		Line 14:
	Boltzmann's constant can be obtained from the ratio of the [[molar gas constant]] to the [[Avogadro constant]].		Boltzmann's constant can be obtained from the ratio of the [[molar gas constant]] to the [[Avogadro constant]].
	The molar gas constant can be obtained via acoustic gas thermometry, and Avogadros constant from either the ''Silicon sphere'', or via the watt balance.		The molar gas constant can be obtained via acoustic gas thermometry, and Avogadros constant from either the ''Silicon sphere'', or via the watt balance.
	Recently Daussy et al. used laser spectroscopy to determine the constant.		Recently Daussy et al. used laser spectroscopy to determine the constant (Ref. 3).
			#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/22/3/023 L. Storm "Precision Measurements of the Boltzmann Constant",Metrologia '''22''' pp. 229-234 (1986)]
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/10/R01 B Fellmuth, Ch Gaiser and J Fischer "Determination of the Boltzmann constant—status and prospects", Measurement Science and Technology '''17''' pp. R145-R159 (2006)]		#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/10/R01 B Fellmuth, Ch Gaiser and J Fischer "Determination of the Boltzmann constant—status and prospects", Measurement Science and Technology '''17''' pp. R145-R159 (2006)]
	#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]		#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]

	==References==		==References==
	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]

Carl McBride at 11:55, 14 February 2008

2008-02-14T11:55:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:55, 14 February 2008
Line 11:		Line 11:
	:''"This constant is often referred to as Boltzmann's constant, although, to my knowledge, Boltzmann himself never introduced it - a peculiar state of affairs, which can be explained by the fact that Boltzmann, as appears from his occasional utterances, never gave thought to the possibility of carrying out an exact measurement of the constant."''		:''"This constant is often referred to as Boltzmann's constant, although, to my knowledge, Boltzmann himself never introduced it - a peculiar state of affairs, which can be explained by the fact that Boltzmann, as appears from his occasional utterances, never gave thought to the possibility of carrying out an exact measurement of the constant."''
	Max Planck, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-lecture.html Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920]		Max Planck, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-lecture.html Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920]
	==~~See also~~==		==Experimental determination of Boltzmann's constant==
	*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]		Boltzmann's constant can be obtained from the ratio of the [[molar gas constant]] to the [[Avogadro constant]].
			The molar gas constant can be obtained via acoustic gas thermometry, and Avogadros constant from either the ''Silicon sphere'', or via the watt balance.
			Recently Daussy et al. used laser spectroscopy to determine the constant.
			#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/10/R01 B Fellmuth, Ch Gaiser and J Fischer "Determination of the Boltzmann constant—status and prospects", Measurement Science and Technology '''17''' pp. R145-R159 (2006)]
			#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]
			==References==
	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]

Carl McBride at 11:40, 14 February 2008

2008-02-14T11:40:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:40, 14 February 2008
Line 8:		Line 8:

	In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, for example see: [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].		In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, for example see: [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].
			==History of Boltzmann's constant==
			:''"This constant is often referred to as Boltzmann's constant, although, to my knowledge, Boltzmann himself never introduced it - a peculiar state of affairs, which can be explained by the fact that Boltzmann, as appears from his occasional utterances, never gave thought to the possibility of carrying out an exact measurement of the constant."''
			Max Planck, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-lecture.html Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920]
	==See also==		==See also==
	*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]		*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]
	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]

Nice and Tidy at 11:44, 25 October 2007

2007-10-25T11:44:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 25 October 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The '''Boltzmann constant''' (<math>k</math> or <math>k_B</math>) is the physical constant relating [[temperature]] to [[energy]].		The '''Boltzmann constant''' (<math>k</math> or <math>k_B</math>) is the physical constant relating [[temperature]] to [[energy]].

	It is named after the Austrian physicist [[Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann]].		It is named after the Austrian physicist [[Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann]].
	Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, 2002 [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:		Its experimentally determined value (in SI units, 2002 [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k#mid CODATA] value) is:
Line 8:		Line 7:
	::<math> =8.617 343(15) \times 10^{-5}</math> <math>\left.eV\right.</math> <math>\left.K^{-1}\right.</math>		::<math> =8.617 343(15) \times 10^{-5}</math> <math>\left.eV\right.</math> <math>\left.K^{-1}\right.</math>

	In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, ~~e.g.~~ [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].		In units with molecular significance it is close to 1, for example see: [[DL_POLY \| DL_POLY units]].
	==See also==		==See also==
	*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]		*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.250801 C. Daussy, M. Guinet, A. Amy-Klein, K. Djerroud, Y. Hermier, S. Briaudeau, Ch. J. Bordé, and C. Chardonnet "Direct Determination of the Boltzmann Constant by an Optical Method", Physical Review Letters '''98''' 250801 (2007)]
	[[Category: Physical constants]]		[[Category: Physical constants]]