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	<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Gibbs_distribution</id>
	<title>Gibbs distribution - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-29T14:28:03Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Gibbs_distribution&amp;diff=5840&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Carl McBride: Changed Kelvin to kelvin</title>
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		<updated>2008-02-14T13:01:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Changed Kelvin to kelvin&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:01, 14 February 2008&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l5&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the number of particles, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the [[Hamiltonian]] of the system&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the number of particles, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the [[Hamiltonian]] of the system&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the temperature (to convert  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; into the more familiar&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the temperature (to convert  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; into the more familiar&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[temperature |&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Kelvin &lt;/del&gt;scale]] one divides by the [[Boltzmann constant]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;k_B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[temperature |&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;kelvin &lt;/ins&gt;scale]] one divides by the [[Boltzmann constant]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;k_B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The constant &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z_{(N)}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is found from the normalization condition (Ref. 1 Eq. 3.38)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The constant &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z_{(N)}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is found from the normalization condition (Ref. 1 Eq. 3.38)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Carl McBride</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Gibbs_distribution&amp;diff=5744&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Carl McBride at 15:15, 12 February 2008</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Gibbs_distribution&amp;diff=5744&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2008-02-12T15:15:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:15, 12 February 2008&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l5&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the number of particles, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the [[Hamiltonian]] of the system&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the number of particles, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the [[Hamiltonian]] of the system&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the temperature (to convert  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; into the more familiar&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the temperature (to convert  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; into the more familiar&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Kelvin scale]] one divides by the [[Boltzmann constant]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;k_B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;temperature |&lt;/ins&gt;Kelvin scale]] one divides by the [[Boltzmann constant]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;k_B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The constant &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z_{(N)}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is found from the normalization condition (Ref. 1 Eq. 3.38)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The constant &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z_{(N)}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is found from the normalization condition (Ref. 1 Eq. 3.38)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Carl McBride</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Gibbs_distribution&amp;diff=2428&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Carl McBride: New page: Ref 1 Eq. 3.37:  :&lt;math&gt;\mathcal{G}_{(N)} = \frac{1}{Z_{(N)}} \exp \left( - \frac{H_{(N)}}{\Theta}\right)&lt;/math&gt;  where &lt;math&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; is the number of particles, &lt;math&gt;H&lt;/math&gt; is the [[H...</title>
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		<updated>2007-05-29T08:55:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page: Ref 1 Eq. 3.37:  :&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathcal{G}_{(N)} = \frac{1}{Z_{(N)}} \exp \left( - \frac{H_{(N)}}{\Theta}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;  where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the number of particles, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the [[H...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ref 1 Eq. 3.37:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathcal{G}_{(N)} = \frac{1}{Z_{(N)}} \exp \left( - \frac{H_{(N)}}{\Theta}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the number of particles, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the [[Hamiltonian]] of the system&lt;br /&gt;
and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the temperature (to convert  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Theta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; into the more familiar&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kelvin scale]] one divides by the [[Boltzmann constant]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;k_B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
The constant &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z_{(N)}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is found from the normalization condition (Ref. 1 Eq. 3.38)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{1}{\Gamma_{(N)}^{(0)}Z_{(N)}} \int_V \exp \left( - \frac{U_1,..., _N}{\Theta}\right) ~{\rm d}^3r_1 ... {\rm d}^3r_N \int_{-  \infty}^{\infty}  \exp \left( - \frac{K_{(N)}}{\Theta}\right)  ~{\rm d}^3p_1 ... {\rm d}^3p_N =1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
which leads to (Ref. 1 Eq. 3.40)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z_{(N)}= \frac{1}{V^N} Q_{(N)}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
where (Ref. 1 Eq. 3.41)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Q_{(N)} = \int_V \exp \left( - \frac{U_1,..., _N}{\Theta}\right) ~{\rm d}^3r_1  ... {\rm d}^3r_N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
this is the [[statistical integral]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z \equiv \sum_n e^{-E_n/T}= {\rm tr} ~ e^{-H|T}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
where &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the [[Hamiltonian]] of the system.&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
# G. A. Martynov  &amp;quot;Fundamental Theory of Liquids. Method of Distribution Functions&amp;quot;, Adam Hilger (out of print)&lt;br /&gt;
[[category: statistical mechanics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Carl McBride</name></author>
	</entry>
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