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	<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes</id>
	<title>Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-28T17:07:04Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.41.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7675&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Carl McBride: Moved content to the page: Parallel hard cubes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7675&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-02-01T15:47:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Moved content to the page: &lt;a href=&quot;/SklogWiki/index.php/Parallel_hard_cubes&quot; title=&quot;Parallel hard cubes&quot;&gt;Parallel hard cubes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:47, 1 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hard &lt;/del&gt;Parallel &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &#039;&#039;&#039;70&#039;&#039;&#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &#039;&#039;&#039;36&#039;&#039;&#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the &lt;/del&gt;hard&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described &lt;/del&gt;cubes &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 &lt;/del&gt;]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#REDIRECT[[&lt;/ins&gt;Parallel hard cubes]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes have another use, beyond providing a simple model for which seven terms in the Mayers&#039; virial series can be evaluated.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 &lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube Maxwell-Boltzmann ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or squares in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Carl McBride</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7662&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>70.41.222.228 at 23:44, 31 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7662&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-31T23:44:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:44, 1 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;70&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;36&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described cubes and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 ].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;70&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;36&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described cubes and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 ].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes have another use, beyond providing a simple model for which seven terms in the Mayers&#039; virial series can be evaluated.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or squares in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes have another use, beyond providing a simple model for which seven terms in the Mayers&#039; virial series can be evaluated.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Maxwell-Boltzmann &lt;/ins&gt;ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or squares in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>70.41.222.228</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7661&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>70.41.222.228 at 22:17, 31 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7661&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-31T22:17:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:17, 1 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;70&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;36&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described cubes and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 ].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;70&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;36&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described cubes and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 ].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes have another use, beyond providing a simple model for which seven terms in the Mayers&#039; virial series can be evaluated.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;square &lt;/del&gt;in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes have another use, beyond providing a simple model for which seven terms in the Mayers&#039; virial series can be evaluated.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;squares &lt;/ins&gt;in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>70.41.222.228</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7660&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>70.41.222.228 at 22:16, 31 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7660&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-31T22:16:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:16, 1 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &#039;&#039;&#039;70&#039;&#039;&#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &#039;&#039;&#039;36&#039;&#039;&#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described cubes and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 ].  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or square in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &#039;&#039;&#039;70&#039;&#039;&#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &#039;&#039;&#039;36&#039;&#039;&#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described cubes and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 ]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes have another use, beyond providing a simple model for which seven terms in the Mayers&#039; virial series can be evaluated&lt;/ins&gt;.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or square in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>70.41.222.228</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7659&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>70.41.222.228 at 21:54, 31 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7659&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-31T21:54:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:54, 31 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &#039;&#039;&#039;70&#039;&#039;&#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &#039;&#039;&#039;36&#039;&#039;&#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or square in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &#039;&#039;&#039;70&#039;&#039;&#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &#039;&#039;&#039;36&#039;&#039;&#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.  In that same year Martinez-Raton and Cuesta described cubes and mixtures of cubes [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9809376 ]&lt;/ins&gt;.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or square in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>70.41.222.228</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7658&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>70.41.222.228 at 21:47, 31 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7658&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-31T21:47:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:47, 31 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &#039;&#039;&#039;70&#039;&#039;&#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &#039;&#039;&#039;36&#039;&#039;&#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or square in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &#039;&#039;&#039;70&#039;&#039;&#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &#039;&#039;&#039;36&#039;&#039;&#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.  In 1998 E. A. Jagla [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9807032 ] investigated the melting transition for both parallel and rotating cube models, finding a qualitative difference in the nature of the transition for the two models&lt;/ins&gt;.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &quot;ideal gas thermometers&quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or square in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>70.41.222.228</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7657&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>70.41.222.228: New page: Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.sklogwiki.org/SklogWiki/index.php?title=Hard_Parallel_Squares_and_Cubes&amp;diff=7657&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-31T21:36:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page: Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hard Parallel Squares and Cubes are a simple particle model used in statistical mechanics.  They were introduced by B. T. Geilikman in the Proceedings of the Academy of Science of the USSR &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;70&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 25 (1950).  The virial equations of state (pressure as a power series in the density) were studied by Zwanzig, Temperley, Hoover, and De Rocco.  The latter two authors computed seven-term series for the models in the Journal of Chemical Physics &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;36&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 3141 (1962).  Both the sixth and seventh terms in the hard-cube series are negative, a counterintuitive result for repulsive interactions.  In 2009 the Hoovers pointed out [ http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1807 ] that these models can be used as &amp;quot;ideal gas thermometers&amp;quot; capable of measuring the tensor temperature components &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{ T_{xx},T_{yy},T_{zz}\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Kinetic theory shows that particles colliding with a hard-cube ideal gas at temperature T will lose or gain energy according to whether the particle kinetic temperature exceeds T or not.  The independence of the temperature components for the hard parallel cubes (or square in two dimensions) allows them to serve as gedanken-experiment thermometers for all three temperature components.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>70.41.222.228</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>