Potts model: Difference between revisions
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Note that the particular case <math> q=2 </math> is equivalent to the [[Ising Models | Ising model]]. | Note that the particular case <math> q=2 </math> is equivalent to the [[Ising Models | Ising model]]. | ||
==Phase transitions== | |||
Considering a symmetric situation (i.e. equal chemical potential for all the species): | Considering a symmetric situation (i.e. equal [[chemical potential]] for all the species): | ||
<math> \mu_1 = \mu_2 = \cdots = \mu_q </math>; | :<math> \mu_1 = \mu_2 = \cdots = \mu_q </math>; | ||
the Potts | the Potts model exhibits order-disorder [[phase transitions]]. For space dimensionality <math> d=2 </math>, and low values of <math> q </math> the transitions are continuous (<math> E(T) </math> is a continuous function), but the [[heat capacity]], <math> C(T) = (\partial E/\partial T) </math>, diverges at the transition [[temperature]]. The critical behaviour of | ||
values of <math> q </math> the transitions are continuous (<math> E(T) </math> is a continuous function), but the heat capacity | different values of <math> q </math> belong to (or define) different [[universality classes]] of criticality | ||
<math> C(T) = (\partial E/\partial T) </math> diverges at the transition temperature. The critical | |||
different values of <math> q </math> belong to (or define) different universality classes of criticality | |||
For space dimensionality <math> d=3 </math>, the transitions for <math> q \ge 3 </math> are first order (<math> E </math> | For space dimensionality <math> d=3 </math>, the transitions for <math> q \ge 3 </math> are [[First-order transitions |first order]] (<math> E </math> shows a discontinuity at the transition temperature). | ||
shows a discontinuity at the transition temperature). | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.54.235 F. Y. Wu "The Potts model", Reviews of Modern Physics '''54''' pp. 235-268 (1982)] | #[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.54.235 F. Y. Wu "The Potts model", Reviews of Modern Physics '''54''' pp. 235-268 (1982)] | ||
#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.55.315 F. Y. Wu "Erratum: The Potts model", Reviews of Modern Physics '''55''' p. 315 (1983)] | #[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.55.315 F. Y. Wu "Erratum: The Potts model", Reviews of Modern Physics '''55''' p. 315 (1983)] | ||
# Rodney J. Baxter "Exactly Solved Models in Statistical Mechanics", Academic Press (1982) ISBN 0120831821 Chapter 12 (freely available [http://tpsrv.anu.edu.au/Members/baxter/book/Exactly.pdf pdf]) | |||
[[category:models]] | [[category:models]] | ||
Revision as of 13:18, 7 July 2008
The Potts model was proposed by Renfrey B. Potts in 1952 (Ref. 1). The Potts model is a generalisation of the Ising model to more than two components. For a general discussion on Potts models see Refs. 2 and 3. In practice one has a lattice system. The sites of the lattice can be occupied by particles of different species, .
The energy of the system, , is defined as:
where is the coupling constant, Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \langle ij \rangle } indicates that the sum is performed exclusively over pairs of nearest neighbour sites, and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \delta(S_i,S_j) } is the Kronecker delta. Note that the particular case Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle q=2 } is equivalent to the Ising model.
Phase transitions
Considering a symmetric situation (i.e. equal chemical potential for all the species):
- Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mu_1 = \mu_2 = \cdots = \mu_q } ;
the Potts model exhibits order-disorder phase transitions. For space dimensionality Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d=2 } , and low values of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle q } the transitions are continuous (Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle E(T) } is a continuous function), but the heat capacity, Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle C(T) = (\partial E/\partial T) } , diverges at the transition temperature. The critical behaviour of different values of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle q } belong to (or define) different universality classes of criticality
For space dimensionality Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d=3 } , the transitions for Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle q \ge 3 } are first order (Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle E } shows a discontinuity at the transition temperature).
See also
References
- Renfrey B. Potts "Some generalized order-disorder transformations", Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 48 pp. 106−109 (1952)
- F. Y. Wu "The Potts model", Reviews of Modern Physics 54 pp. 235-268 (1982)
- F. Y. Wu "Erratum: The Potts model", Reviews of Modern Physics 55 p. 315 (1983)
- Rodney J. Baxter "Exactly Solved Models in Statistical Mechanics", Academic Press (1982) ISBN 0120831821 Chapter 12 (freely available pdf)