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There are a number of liquids that have a density maximum in the liquid phase. The most celebrated is that of water. However, liquid helium 4 also has a maximum at 2.18 K and liquid gallium at
Water
| System |
model |
Temperature of maximum density (K) |
Reference
|
| H2O |
experimental |
276.98 |
Ref. ?
|
| D2O |
experimental |
284.19 |
Ref. ?
|
| T2O |
experimental |
286.55 |
Ref. ?
|
| H2O |
ST2 |
300 |
Ref. 1
|
| H2O |
TIPS2 |
298  25 |
Ref. 2
|
| H2O |
SPC |
228 |
|
| H2O |
SPC/E |
241 |
|
| H2O |
TIP3P |
182 |
|
| H2O |
TIP4P |
253 |
|
| H2O |
TIP4P/Ew |
273 |
|
| H2O |
TIP4P/ice |
295 |
|
| H2O |
TIP5P |
295 |
|
| H2O |
TIP5P-E |
295 |
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References for water
- Frank H. Stillinger and Aneesur Rahman "Improved simulation of liquid water by molecular dynamics", Journal of Chemical Physics 60 pp. 1545-1557 (1974)
- William L. Jorgensen "Revised TIPS for simulations of liquid water and aqueous solutions", Journal of Chemical Physics 77 pp. 4156- (1982)
- S. R. Billeter, P. M. King, and W. F. van Gunsteren "Can the density maximum of water be found by computer simulation?", Journal of Chemical Physics 100 pp. 6692 (1994)
- C. Vega and J. L. F. Abascal "Relation between the melting temperature and the temperature of maximum density for the most common models of water", Journal of Chemical Physics 123 144504 (2005)
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