Umbrella sampling
Umbrella sampling is a Monte Carlo technique for estimation of the Helmholtz energy function.
Non-equilibrium processes
References
- Glenn M. Torrie and John P. Valleau "Monte Carlo free energy estimates using non-Boltzmann sampling: Application to the sub-critical Lennard-Jones fluid", Chemical Physics Letters 28 pp. 578-581 (1974)
- G. M. Torrie and J. P. Valleau "Nonphysical sampling distributions in Monte Carlo free-energy estimation: Umbrella sampling", Journal of Computational Physics 23 pp. 187-199 (1977)