XY model
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The XY model, also known as the O(2) model because of its symmetry group, is a Heisenberg ferromagnetic with an easy-plane anisotropy. The Hamiltonian is given by
- Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H = -J{\sum}_{\langle i,j\rangle}\mathbf{S}_i \cdot \mathbf{S}_{j}}
in other words
- Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H=-J{\sum}_{\langle i,j\rangle}\cos(\theta_i-\theta_j)}
where the sum runs over all pairs of nearest neighbour spins, Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbf{S}} , and where Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle J} is the coupling constant.