1-dimensional Ising model
Model: Consider a system with spins in a row.
The energy of the system will be given by
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle U = -J \sum_{i=1}^{N-1} S_{i} S_{i+1} } ,
where each variable Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle S_j } can be either -1 or +1.
The partition function of the system will be:
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle Q_N = \sum_{\Omega^N } \exp \left[ K \sum_{i=1}^{N-1} S_i S_{i+1} \right]} ,
where Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Omega^N }
represents the possible configuration of the N spins of the system,
and
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle Q_{N+1} = \sum_{S_1} \sum_{S_2} e^{kS_1S_2} \sum_{S_3} e^{K S_2 S_3} \cdots \sum_{S_N} e^{K S_{N-1} S_N}\sum_{S_{N+1}} e^{K S_N S_{N+1} } }
Performing the sum of the possible values of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle S_{N+1} } we get:
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle Q_{N+1} = \sum_{S_1} \sum_{S_2} e^{kS_1S_2} \sum_{S_3} e^{K S_2 S_3} \cdots \sum_{S_N} e^{K S_{N-1} S_N} \left[ 2 \cosh ( K S_N ) \right] }
Taking into account that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \cosh(K) = \cosh(-K) }
Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle Q_{N+1}=\sum _{S_{1}}\sum _{S_{2}}e^{kS_{1}S_{2}}\sum _{S_{3}}e^{KS_{2}S_{3}}\cdots \sum _{S_{N}}e^{KS_{N-1}S_{N}}\left[2\cosh(K)\right]}
Therefore:
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle Q_{N+1} = \left( 2 \cosh K \right) Q_{N+1} }
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle Q_N = 2^{N} \left( \cosh K \right)^{N-1} \approx ( 2 \cosh K )^N }
The Helmholtz free energy in the thermodynamic limit will be
